Jacques and Jennifer revisit Africa and the centuries-long pilfering of its goods and resources by western nations (presumed to be more 'developed'). They expand on this, and talk about the use of certain African nations as a 'tip' for consumer rubbish from the west.

To keep their advantage, western nations exercise deep (anti-democratic) interference in local African politics.

References:

Hickel, J et al 2021, 'Plunder in the post-colonial era: Quantifying drain from the Global South through unequal exchange 1960 -2018’ ,New Political Economy Online 30 March

www.changingmarkets.org

Aimé Césaire 1972, 'Discourse on colonialism', Monthly Review Press, New York 1972:17 – 21

https://blackagendareport.com/speech-french-nuclear-tests-sahara-tawia-adamafio-1960

http://www.vox.com/2014/8/26/6063749/38-maps-that-explain-the-global-economy

Kevin Bales 2016, | Blood and Earth: Modern Slavery, Ecocide, and the Secret to Saving the World | Spiegel & Grau | January 2016 | 34 minutes (9,162 words)